Nutrition and metabolic disorders are conditions that affect how the body obtains, absorbs, processes, stores, and uses nutrients and energy. They can involve sugar balance, fats and cholesterol, proteins and enzymes, vitamins and minerals, liver and thyroid function, digestion and absorption, bone and tissue health, and — in some cases — inherited enzyme or metabolic pathway problems. These conditions may be mild and temporary, or more persistent and long-term, depending on the person, the underlying cause, and how early support and medical care begin.

Common examples include:

• Diabetes and prediabetes — difficulty regulating blood sugar and insulin
• Metabolic syndrome and obesity — clustered risks linked to weight, blood pressure, lipids, and sugar
• Thyroid imbalances — hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism affecting energy and metabolism
• Nutrient deficiencies — such as vitamin D, vitamin B12, iron, or severe malnutrition
• Digestive absorption issues — celiac disease, lactose intolerance, or glucose-galactose malabsorption
• Liver-related metabolic strain — fatty liver (NAFLD), cirrhosis, or related concerns
• Gout and bone health concerns — uric acid imbalance, rickets, or osteoporosis
• Inherited metabolic disorders — such as PKU, Gaucher disease, Wilson’s disease, and related enzyme or storage conditions

Nutrition and metabolic disorders may be influenced by genetics, diet and nutrient intake, hormones, lifestyle, medications, chronic illness, digestive function, liver or thyroid health, or a combination of physical and environmental factors.