Your immune system targets your white blood cells, red blood cells, and/or platelets when you have Evans syndrome, a combination of two or more immunological hematological illnesses. These include autoimmune neutropenia (AIN), immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), and/or autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). These diagnoses may come about simultaneously, but they might also happen to the same patient twice. You would have Evans Syndrome, for instance, if you got the diagnosis with ITP followed by two years later with AIHA.

Introduction:

An uncommon condition known as Evans syndrome causes the body’s immune system to wrongly create antibodies that kill red blood cells, platelets, and occasionally specific types of white blood cells known as neutrophils. As a result, the body develops cytopenia or abnormally low amounts of these blood cells. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), also known as hemolysis, is the premature breakdown of red blood cells. Low platelet counts are referred to as thrombocytopenia (in this case, idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura, or ITP). Low quantities of specific white blood cells that are called neutrophils are referred to as “neutropenia.” AIHA and ITP together are what is known as Evans syndrome; neutropenia happens less frequently.

The autoimmune death of these blood cells might happen concurrently in certain circumstances, but it usually happens sequentially, with one disorder developing before the other. Dr. Robert Evans and colleagues initially discussed Evans syndrome in medical journals in 1951. Years of the disorder were spent under the assumption that thrombocytopenia and/or neutropenia were only coincidental occurrences of AIHA. However, scientists today think that the illness is a unique condition marked by a chronic, substantial state of immune system dysregulation (dysregulation worse than in ITP or AIHA alone).

Causes:

It is unclear what specifically causes Evans syndrome. When the immune system makes antibodies that wrongly target healthy tissue, particularly red blood cells, platelets, and occasionally specific white blood cells, it results in an immunological reaction. Normally, the immune system produces specialized proteins called antibodies in response to foreign substances.

Antibodies function by either directly eliminating foreign chemicals or by coating them with a material that makes them visible to white blood cells, which will then destroy them. Autoantibodies are antibodies that specifically target healthy tissue. Evans syndrome is thought to be caused by a triggering event that causes the immune system to create autoantibodies, such as an infection or underlying disease. Evans syndrome can develop as a secondary illness in conjunction with another disorder. Other conditions include autoimmune lymphoproliferative disorder (ALPS), lupus, antiphospholipid disorder, Sjogren’s syndrome, frequent variable immunodeficiency, IgA deficiencies, likely lymphomas, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, which can also cause secondary Evans syndrome.

Symptoms:

The onset, course, and duration of Evans syndrome, as well as its symptoms and severity, might differ significantly from person to person. The majority of people display a chronic history, with periods of exacerbation (worsening of symptoms) and remissions typically brought on temporarily by medication. Low body levels of particular blood cells are the primary cause of the majority of symptoms.

Red blood cells in some Evans syndrome patients may first begin to break down more quickly than the organism can replenish them. Anaemia, or low quantities of circulation of red blood cells, can result in a number of symptoms, such as weariness, pallor (pale skin), fainting, shortness of respiration, dark urine, and an irregular heartbeat. Other people may first display thrombocytopenia or low platelet counts. Petechiae, a larger purplish fading on the skin brought on by bleeding from ruptured arteries into the subcutaneous tissue, and purpura, a rash with purple spots brought on by internal hemorrhaging from small blood vessels, are all symptoms of thrombocytopenia.

Diagnosis:

Evans Syndrome is the presentation of another diagnosis because the majority of people with Evans Syndrome already have one of the disorders. Your doctor will need to identify the reason for your anemia, for instance, if you have ITP and develop anemia. You will be given the diagnosis of Evans syndrome if AIHA is determined to be the cause of your anemia.  A complete blood count (CBC), which affects your blood counts, is the initial step in the workup because of these illnesses. Your doctor is looking for signs of neutropenia, thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), or anemia (low hemoglobin). A microscope will be used to study your blood in an effort to pinpoint the problem.

Homeopathic treatment for the disease:

Evans syndrome has no known treatment options and no known cure. Homeopathic medicine targets the distinct symptoms that each person may clearly see. The collaborative efforts of a group of professionals may be necessary throughout treatment. Although, in rare instances, spontaneous remission has been observed, therapy is usually necessary for those who are affected.

The effectiveness of the various medicines used to treat people with Evans syndrome has varied greatly among those who have been affected. While some people achieve prolonged remissions from their disease, others continue to have ongoing issues. According to homeopathy, “like cures like.” Therefore, it uses trace amounts of the drug known to cause the sickness in order to treat the illness. In this manner, the condition is treated, and similar symptoms are generated. Several of the most popular homeopathic medications are used to increase bodily immunity. Allium cepa, silica, gelsemium, oscillococcinum, and arsenicum album (white arsenic), can be used to treat Evans syndrome.

Precautions:

• Limit your salt intake.
• Avoid using dairy goods, citrus fruits, bakery items, sugar that has been refined, alcohol, tobacco, processed foods, and other items.
• Use vegetables that are green and leafy, such as spinach, lentils, cabbage, bottled gourd, broccoli, pumpkin, leafy green lettuce, lemongrass, coriander, mint, radish leaves, radish, and carrots.
• Fruits like apples, pears, bananas, pomegranates, bael fruit, etc. should be used fresh.